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1 ♦ efficient
♦ efficient /ɪˈfɪʃnt/a.1 efficiente: efficient machines, macchine efficienti; an efficient worker, un lavoratore efficiente● (filos.) efficient cause, causa efficiente □ (stat.) efficient estimates, stime efficientiefficientlyavv.2 con abilità; con competenza3 efficacemente. -
2 высокопроизводительный
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > высокопроизводительный
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3 autonomation
Opsa production system in which workers are allowed, and machines are equipped with a mechanism, to stop production if a defect in a product is detected during the production process. Autonomation became known through the Toyota production system. The concept evolved from braking devices on machines that automatically stop if a problem occurs. Within Toyota, the concept has been carried forward so that all machines are equipped with various safety devices to prevent defective products, and production workers are allowed to stop the production line if a problem occurs. The problem is then properly explored in order to find a solution and to ensure that everyone understands the underlying reasons for the problem. In the long term, this creates a more efficient production line. -
4 Booth, Hubert Cecil
SUBJECT AREA: Civil engineering, Domestic appliances and interiors, Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering, Ports and shipping[br]b. 1871 Gloucester, England d. 1955[br]English mechanical, civil and construction engineer best remembered as the inventor of the vacuum cleaner.[br]As an engineer Booth contributed to the design of engines for Royal Navy battleships, designed and supervised the erection of a number of great wheels (in Blackpool, Vienna and Paris) and later designed factories and bridges.In 1900 he attended a demonstration, at St Paneras Station in London, of a new form of railway carriage cleaner that was supposed to blow the dirt into a container. It was not a very successful experiment and Booth, having considered the problem carefully, decided that sucking might be better than blowing. He tried out his idea by placing a piece of damp cloth over an upholstered armchair. When he sucked air by mouth through his cloth the dirt upon it was tangible proof of his theory.Various attempts were being made at this time, especially in America, to find a successful cleaner of carpets and upholstery. Booth produced the first truly satisfactory machine, which he patented in 1901, and coined the term "vacuum cleaner". He formed the Vacuum Cleaner Co. (later to become Goblin BVC Ltd) and began to manufacture his machines. For some years the company provided a cleaning service to town houses, using a large and costly vacuum cleaner (the first model cost £350). Painted scarlet, it measured 54×10×42 in. (137×25×110 cm) and was powered by a petrol-driven 5 hp piston engine. It was transported through the streets on a horse-driven van and was handled by a team of operators who parked outside the house to be cleaned. With the aid of several hundred feet of flexible hose extending from the cleaner through the windows into all the rooms, the machine sucked the dirt of decades from the carpets; at the first cleaning the weight of many such carpets was reduced by 50 per cent as the dirt was sucked away.Many attempts were made in Europe and America to produce a smaller and less expensive machine. Booth himself designed the chief British model in 1906, the Trolley- Vac, which was wheeled around the house on a trolley. Still elaborate, expensive and heavy, this machine could, however, be operated inside a room and was powered from an electric light fitting. It consisted of a sophisticated electric motor and a belt-driven rotary vacuum pump. Various hoses and fitments made possible the cleaning of many different surfaces and the dust was trapped in a cloth filter within a small metal canister. It was a superb vacuum cleaner but cost 35 guineas and weighed a hundredweight (50 kg), so it was difficult to take upstairs.Various alternative machines that were cheaper and lighter were devised, but none was truly efficient until a prototype that married a small electric motor to the machine was produced in 1907 in America.[br]Further ReadingThe Story of the World's First Vacuum Cleaner, Leatherhead: BSR (Housewares) Ltd. See also Hoover, William Henry.DY -
5 SEM
1) Компьютерная техника: State Event Machines3) Американизм: Someone Else's Money4) Военный термин: standard electronic module, standard error of the mean, systems engineering management5) Техника: Sibyl equipment module, Societe d'Enterprise de Montages, solar energy measurement, space environmental monitor, standard electronic modules program6) Статистика: стандартная погрешность средней величины (standard error of the mean)7) Кино: Sexually Explicit Material8) Сокращение: Scanning Electron Microscope, Security Engineered Machinery (USA), Semitic - Other, Simulation, Engineering & Modelling, Superconducting Electrical Machinery, scanning election microscope, shared equity mortgages9) Университет: Science Engineering And Mathematics10) Физика: Structural Equation Modeling, Structural Equation Models12) Электроника: Synthesizer Expander Module, растровый электронный микроскоп13) Вычислительная техника: Secure Extension Mode (AMD, TCB)14) Нефть: сканирующая электронная микроскопия (для анализов керна; scanning electron microscopy)15) Генетика: сканирующая растровая микроскопия16) Биохимия: Scanning Electron Micrographs17) Фирменный знак: Spec Epics Motors18) Экология: Space Environment Monitor19) Деловая лексика: Sound And Efficient Management, Strategic Enterprise Management20) Бытовая техника: РЭМ21) Бурение: сканирующий электронный микроскоп (scanning electron microscope)22) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: растровая электронная микроскопия23) Образование: Special End And Middle24) Сетевые технологии: Server Enhancement Module25) Макаров: scanning electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, sem, secondary electron multiplier26) Безопасность: Security Event Management27) Интернет: Search Engine Marketing28) Расширение файла: Strategic Enterprise Management (SAP)29) Общественная организация: Systematic Evaluation Of Members30) Должность: Search Engine Marketer31) NYSE. General Semiconductor, Inc.32) Программное обеспечение: Synthesis Enterprise Manager33) Международная торговля: Single European Market, Stock Exchange of Mauritius -
6 Sem
1) Компьютерная техника: State Event Machines3) Американизм: Someone Else's Money4) Военный термин: standard electronic module, standard error of the mean, systems engineering management5) Техника: Sibyl equipment module, Societe d'Enterprise de Montages, solar energy measurement, space environmental monitor, standard electronic modules program6) Статистика: стандартная погрешность средней величины (standard error of the mean)7) Кино: Sexually Explicit Material8) Сокращение: Scanning Electron Microscope, Security Engineered Machinery (USA), Semitic - Other, Simulation, Engineering & Modelling, Superconducting Electrical Machinery, scanning election microscope, shared equity mortgages9) Университет: Science Engineering And Mathematics10) Физика: Structural Equation Modeling, Structural Equation Models12) Электроника: Synthesizer Expander Module, растровый электронный микроскоп13) Вычислительная техника: Secure Extension Mode (AMD, TCB)14) Нефть: сканирующая электронная микроскопия (для анализов керна; scanning electron microscopy)15) Генетика: сканирующая растровая микроскопия16) Биохимия: Scanning Electron Micrographs17) Фирменный знак: Spec Epics Motors18) Экология: Space Environment Monitor19) Деловая лексика: Sound And Efficient Management, Strategic Enterprise Management20) Бытовая техника: РЭМ21) Бурение: сканирующий электронный микроскоп (scanning electron microscope)22) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: растровая электронная микроскопия23) Образование: Special End And Middle24) Сетевые технологии: Server Enhancement Module25) Макаров: scanning electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, sem, secondary electron multiplier26) Безопасность: Security Event Management27) Интернет: Search Engine Marketing28) Расширение файла: Strategic Enterprise Management (SAP)29) Общественная организация: Systematic Evaluation Of Members30) Должность: Search Engine Marketer31) NYSE. General Semiconductor, Inc.32) Программное обеспечение: Synthesis Enterprise Manager33) Международная торговля: Single European Market, Stock Exchange of Mauritius -
7 sem
1) Компьютерная техника: State Event Machines3) Американизм: Someone Else's Money4) Военный термин: standard electronic module, standard error of the mean, systems engineering management5) Техника: Sibyl equipment module, Societe d'Enterprise de Montages, solar energy measurement, space environmental monitor, standard electronic modules program6) Статистика: стандартная погрешность средней величины (standard error of the mean)7) Кино: Sexually Explicit Material8) Сокращение: Scanning Electron Microscope, Security Engineered Machinery (USA), Semitic - Other, Simulation, Engineering & Modelling, Superconducting Electrical Machinery, scanning election microscope, shared equity mortgages9) Университет: Science Engineering And Mathematics10) Физика: Structural Equation Modeling, Structural Equation Models12) Электроника: Synthesizer Expander Module, растровый электронный микроскоп13) Вычислительная техника: Secure Extension Mode (AMD, TCB)14) Нефть: сканирующая электронная микроскопия (для анализов керна; scanning electron microscopy)15) Генетика: сканирующая растровая микроскопия16) Биохимия: Scanning Electron Micrographs17) Фирменный знак: Spec Epics Motors18) Экология: Space Environment Monitor19) Деловая лексика: Sound And Efficient Management, Strategic Enterprise Management20) Бытовая техника: РЭМ21) Бурение: сканирующий электронный микроскоп (scanning electron microscope)22) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: растровая электронная микроскопия23) Образование: Special End And Middle24) Сетевые технологии: Server Enhancement Module25) Макаров: scanning electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, sem, secondary electron multiplier26) Безопасность: Security Event Management27) Интернет: Search Engine Marketing28) Расширение файла: Strategic Enterprise Management (SAP)29) Общественная организация: Systematic Evaluation Of Members30) Должность: Search Engine Marketer31) NYSE. General Semiconductor, Inc.32) Программное обеспечение: Synthesis Enterprise Manager33) Международная торговля: Single European Market, Stock Exchange of Mauritius -
8 business efficiency
Gen Mgta situation in which an organization maximizes benefit and profit, while minimizing effort and expenditure. Maximization of business efficiency is a balance between two extremes. Managed correctly, it results in reduced costs, waste, and duplication. Max Weber, who developed the concept of the bureaucracy, believed that efficiency was the goal of all bureaucratic organizations, which were designed to run like smooth machines. The greater the efficiency, the more impersonal, rational, and emotionally detached a bureaucracy becomes. The flatter organizations more prevalent today attempt to be more customer-responsive than efficient in this sense, and the notion of such an ordered and impersonal efficiency has lost favor in an era when creativity and innovation are valued as a competitive advantage. -
9 ergonomics
HR, Gen Mgtthe study of workplace design and the physical and psychological impact it has on workers. Ergonomics is about the fit between people, their work activities, equipment, work systems, and environment to make sure that workplaces are safe, comfortable, efficient, and that productivity is not compromised. Ergonomics may examine the design and layout of buildings, machines, and equipment, as well as aspects such as lighting, temperature, ventilation, noise, color, and texture. Ergonomic principles also apply to working methods such as systems and procedures, and the allocation and scheduling of work. -
10 Gatling, Dr Richard Jordan
[br]b. 12 September 1818 Winston, North Carolina, USAd. 26 February 1903 New York, USA[br]American weapons designer and metallurgist.[br]Gatling first became interested in inventing when helping his father develop more-efficient agricultural machines, and as early as 1839 he developed a screw propeller for ships. Shortly after this he was struck down by smallpox, and it was this that caused him, when he recovered, to study medicine; he did this at the Ohio Medical College, graduating in 1850. The outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861 triggered an immediate interest in weaponry and he set about designing a rapid-fire weapon, which would both bear his name and be one of the forerunners of the machine gun: he completed his design of the Gatling Gun in 1862. His concept of using several barrels was not unique, with other inventors such as the Belgian Fafschamps and the Frenchman Reffye also employing it. However, Catling's gun was superior to the others in the soundness of its engineering. The rounds were fed through a hopper on top of the gun into the chambers of each barrel, and the barrels themselves were fixed in a cluster. An endless screw operated by a hand crank controlled the operation, opening the breech of each barrel in turn, enabling the round to drop into the chamber through a series of grooves, and then closing the breech and releasing the striker. In the face of fierce competition, the Gatling was adopted by the US Army in 1866, and many other armies followed suit. Although a version powered by an electric motor was introduced in 1893, the Gatling was gradually superseded by the fully automatic machine gun, first developed by Maxim. Even so, such was the excellence of the Gatling's mechanics that the concept was readopted by the Americans in the late 1950s and employed in such systems as the Vulcan air-defence gun and the airborne Minigun. Gatling's inventions did not end with his gun. In 1886 he developed a new steel and aluminium alloy and also experimented with the production of cast-steel cannon.CMBiographical history of technology > Gatling, Dr Richard Jordan
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11 Nobel, Immanuel
[br]b. 1801 Gävle, Swedend. 3 September 1872 Stockholm, Sweden[br]Swedish inventor and industrialist, particularly noted for his work on mines and explosives.[br]The son of a barber-surgeon who deserted his family to serve in the Swedish army, Nobel showed little interest in academic pursuits as a child and was sent to sea at the age of 16, but jumped ship in Egypt and was eventually employed as an architect by the pasha. Returning to Sweden, he won a scholarship to the Stockholm School of Architecture, where he studied from 1821 to 1825 and was awarded a number of prizes. His interest then leaned towards mechanical matters and he transferred to the Stockholm School of Engineering. Designs for linen-finishing machines won him a prize there, and he also patented a means of transforming rotary into reciprocating movement. He then entered the real-estate business and was successful until a fire in 1833 destroyed his house and everything he owned. By this time he had married and had two sons, with a third, Alfred (of Nobel Prize fame; see Alfred Nobel), on the way. Moving to more modest quarters on the outskirts of Stockholm, Immanuel resumed his inventions, concentrating largely on India rubber, which he applied to surgical instruments and military equipment, including a rubber knapsack.It was talk of plans to construct a canal at Suez that first excited his interest in explosives. He saw them as a means of making mining more efficient and began to experiment in his backyard. However, this made him unpopular with his neighbours, and the city authorities ordered him to cease his investigations. By this time he was deeply in debt and in 1837 moved to Finland, leaving his family in Stockholm. He hoped to interest the Russians in land and sea mines and, after some four years, succeeded in obtaining financial backing from the Ministry of War, enabling him to set up a foundry and arms factory in St Petersburg and to bring his family over. By 1850 he was clear of debt in Sweden and had begun to acquire a high reputation as an inventor and industrialist. His invention of the horned contact mine was to be the basic pattern of the sea mine for almost the next 100 years, but he also created and manufactured a central-heating system based on hot-water pipes. His three sons, Ludwig, Robert and Alfred, had now joined him in his business, but even so the outbreak of war with Britain and France in the Crimea placed severe pressures on him. The Russians looked to him to convert their navy from sail to steam, even though he had no experience in naval propulsion, but the aftermath of the Crimean War brought financial ruin once more to Immanuel. Amongst the reforms brought in by Tsar Alexander II was a reliance on imports to equip the armed forces, so all domestic arms contracts were abruptly cancelled, including those being undertaken by Nobel. Unable to raise money from the banks, Immanuel was forced to declare himself bankrupt and leave Russia for his native Sweden. Nobel then reverted to his study of explosives, particularly of how to adapt the then highly unstable nitroglycerine, which had first been developed by Ascanio Sobrero in 1847, for blasting and mining. Nobel believed that this could be done by mixing it with gunpowder, but could not establish the right proportions. His son Alfred pursued the matter semi-independently and eventually evolved the principle of the primary charge (and through it created the blasting cap), having taken out a patent for a nitroglycerine product in his own name; the eventual result of this was called dynamite. Father and son eventually fell out over Alfred's independent line, but worse was to follow. In September 1864 Immanuel's youngest son, Oscar, then studying chemistry at Uppsala University, was killed in an explosion in Alfred's laboratory: Immanuel suffered a stroke, but this only temporarily incapacitated him, and he continued to put forward new ideas. These included making timber a more flexible material through gluing crossed veneers under pressure and bending waste timber under steam, a concept which eventually came to fruition in the form of plywood.In 1868 Immanuel and Alfred were jointly awarded the prestigious Letterstedt Prize for their work on explosives, but Alfred never for-gave his father for retaining the medal without offering it to him.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsImperial Gold Medal (Russia) 1853. Swedish Academy of Science Letterstedt Prize (jointly with son Alfred) 1868.BibliographyImmanuel Nobel produced a short handwritten account of his early life 1813–37, which is now in the possession of one of his descendants. He also had published three short books during the last decade of his life— Cheap Defence of the Country's Roads (on land mines), Cheap Defence of the Archipelagos (on sea mines), and Proposal for the Country's Defence (1871)—as well as his pamphlet (1870) on making wood a more physically flexible product.Further ReadingNo biographies of Immanuel Nobel exist, but his life is detailed in a number of books on his son Alfred.CM -
12 EC ecolabel
экологическая маркировка в ЕС
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
EC ecolabel
The European Community (EC) initiative to encourage the promotion of environmentally friendly products. The scheme came into operation in late 1992 and was designed to identify products which are less harmful to the environment than equivalent brands. For example, eco-labels will be awarded to products that do not contain chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) which damage ozone layer, to those products that can be, or are, recycled, and to those that are energy efficient. The labels are awarded on environmental criteria set by the EC. These cover the whole life cycle of a product, from the extraction of raw materials, through manufacture, distribution, use and disposal of the product. The first products to carry the EC eco-labels were washing machines, paper towels, writing paper, light bulbs and hairsprays. (Source: WRIGHT)
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Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > EC ecolabel
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